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20-F false true 2025-12-31 --12-31 2025 false false 001-38423 Sunlands Technology Group E9 Building 6, Chaolai Science Park No. 36 Chuangyuan Road Chaoyang District Beijing 100012 CN Tongbo Liu Building 6, Chaolai Science Park No. 36 Chuangyuan Road Chaoyang District Beijing 100012 CN 10 52413738 liutongbo@sunlands.com American depositary shares, each two ADSs represent one Class A ordinary share* STG NYSE NYSE Class A ordinary shares, par value US$0.00005 per share 2538047 5200 826389 3332062 No No Yes Yes Non-accelerated Filer false false false U.S. GAAP false true ITEM 16.K. CYBERSECURITYAt Sunlands, cybersecurity risk management is an integral part of our overall risk management program. Our cybersecurity risk management program is designed to align with industry best practices and provide a framework for handling cybersecurity threats and incidents, including threats and incidents associated with the use of services provided by third-party service providers, and facilitate coordination across different departments of our company. This framework includes steps for assessing the severity of a cybersecurity threat, identifying the source of a cybersecurity threat including whether the cybersecurity threat is associated with a third-party service provider, implementing cybersecurity countermeasures and mitigation strategies and informing management and our board of directors of material cybersecurity threats and incidents. Our cybersecurity team is responsible for assessing our cybersecurity risk management program and we currently do not engage third parties for such assessment. In addition, our cybersecurity team provides training to all key employees for product development regularly.Our board of directors has overall oversight responsibility for our risk management, and delegates cybersecurity risk management oversight to the audit committee of the board of directors. The audit committee is responsible for ensuring that management has processes in place designed to identify and evaluate cybersecurity risks to which the company is exposed and implement processes and programs to manage cybersecurity risks and mitigate cybersecurity incidents. The audit committee also reports material cybersecurity risks to our full board of directors. Management is responsible for identifying, considering and assessing material cybersecurity risks on an ongoing basis, establishing processes to ensure that such potential cybersecurity risk exposures are monitored, putting in place appropriate mitigation measures and maintaining cybersecurity programs. Our cybersecurity programs are under the direction of our chief executive officer who receives reports from our cybersecurity team and monitors the prevention, detection, mitigation, and remediation of cybersecurity incidents. Our chief executive officer has rich management experience, including cybersecurity management. Our vice president of product development, the leader of our cybersecurity team, as well as dedicated personnel, are experienced information system security professionals and information security managers with years of experience. Management, including the chief executive officer and our cybersecurity team, regularly update the audit committee on the company’s cybersecurity programs, material cybersecurity risks and mitigation strategies and provide cybersecurity reports annually that cover, among other topics, developments in cybersecurity and updates to the company’s cybersecurity programs and mitigation strategies.<div>In 2025, we did not identify any cybersecurity threats that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Group’s business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. However, despite our efforts, we cannot eliminate all risks from cybersecurity threats, or provide assurances that we have not experienced an undetected cybersecurity incident. For more information about these risks, please see “Item 3. Key Information—3.D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to the Group’s Business—Privacy concerns could limit the Group’s ability to collect and leverage the Group’s user data and disclosure of user data could adversely impact the Group’s business and reputation.”</div> true false Our board of directors has overall oversight responsibility for our risk management, and delegates cybersecurity risk management oversight to the audit committee of the board of directors. The audit committee is responsible for ensuring that management has processes in place designed to identify and evaluate cybersecurity risks to which the company is exposed and implement processes and programs to manage cybersecurity risks and mitigate cybersecurity incidents. The audit committee also reports material cybersecurity risks to our full board of directors. The audit committee is responsible for ensuring that management has processes in place designed to identify and evaluate cybersecurity risks to which the company is exposed and implement processes and programs to manage cybersecurity risks and mitigate cybersecurity incidents The audit committee also reports material cybersecurity risks to our full board of directors. true Management is responsible for identifying, considering and assessing material cybersecurity risks on an ongoing basis, establishing processes to ensure that such potential cybersecurity risk exposures are monitored, putting in place appropriate mitigation measures and maintaining cybersecurity programs. Our cybersecurity programs are under the direction of our chief executive officer who receives reports from our cybersecurity team and monitors the prevention, detection, mitigation, and remediation of cybersecurity incidents. Our chief executive officer has rich management experience, including cybersecurity management. Our vice president of product development, the leader of our cybersecurity team, as well as dedicated personnel, are experienced information system security professionals and information security managers with years of experience. Management, including the chief executive officer and our cybersecurity team, regularly update the audit committee on the company’s cybersecurity programs, material cybersecurity risks and mitigation strategies and provide cybersecurity reports annually that cover, among other topics, developments in cybersecurity and updates to the company’s cybersecurity programs and mitigation strategies.In 2025, we did not identify any cybersecurity threats that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Group’s business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. However, despite our efforts, we cannot eliminate all risks from cybersecurity threats, or provide assurances that we have not experienced an undetected cybersecurity incident. For more information about these risks, please see “Item 3. Key Information—3.D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to the Group’s Business—Privacy concerns could limit the Group’s ability to collect and leverage the Group’s user data and disclosure of user data could adversely impact the Group’s business and reputation.” Our chief executive officer has rich management experience, including cybersecurity management. Our vice president of product development, the leader of our cybersecurity team, as well as dedicated personnel, are experienced information system security professionals and information security managers with years of experience. true Our vice president of product development, the leader of our cybersecurity team, as well as dedicated personnel, are experienced information system security professionals and information security managers with years of experience. Management, including the chief executive officer and our cybersecurity team, regularly update the audit committee on the company’s cybersecurity programs, material cybersecurity risks and mitigation strategies and provide cybersecurity reports annually that cover, among other topics, developments in cybersecurity and updates to the company’s cybersecurity programs and mitigation strategies. false 1113 Opinion on the Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Sunlands Technology Group and its subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2024 and 2025, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders' (deficit)/equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes and Schedule I (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2025, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Certified Public Accountants LLP Beijing, the People's Republic of China

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1. ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATIONSunlands Technology Group (the “Company” or “Sunlands Technology”) was incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands on September 18, 2015. The Company, its subsidiaries, the consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”) and VIEs’ subsidiaries (collectively the “Group”) are primarily engaged in providing online education services in the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”). <div style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">As of December 31, 2025, details of the Company’s significant subsidiaries and VIE’s subsidiary were as follows: <table style="margin-left:auto;border-spacing:0;table-layout:auto;width:93.0%;border-collapse:separate;"> <tr style="visibility:collapse;"> <td style="width:23.98%;box-sizing:content-box;"></td> <td style="width:1%;box-sizing:content-box;"></td> <td style="width:15.84%;box-sizing:content-box;"></td> <td style="width:1%;box-sizing:content-box;"></td> <td style="width:12.58%;box-sizing:content-box;"></td> <td style="width:1%;box-sizing:content-box;"></td> <td style="width:12.02%;box-sizing:content-box;"></td> <td style="width:1%;box-sizing:content-box;"></td> <td style="width:31.58%;box-sizing:content-box;"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;text-align:left;"> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-right:0.01in;">Name (1)</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-right:0.01in;">Date of establishment/ acquisition</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-right:0.01in;">Place of establishment</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-right:0.01in;">Percentage of direct or indirect economic ownership</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-right:0.01in;">Principal activities</td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;text-align:left;"> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Subsidiaries:</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;text-align:left;"> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Sunlands Online Education HK Limited ("Sunlands HK")</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">October 6, 2015</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">HongKong</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">100%</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Investment holding</td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;text-align:left;"> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Wuhan Studyvip Online Education Co., Limited ("Wuhan Zhibo")</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">August 2, 2017</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">PRC</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">100%</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Provision of technical consultation and services</td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;text-align:left;"> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Hubei Zhidao Online Education Technology Co., Ltd. (2)</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">June 25, 2019</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">PRC</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">100%</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Provision of education services</td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;text-align:left;"> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Beijing Yuanchilaxiang Education Technology Co., Ltd. ("Beijing Sunlands")</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">September 27, 2013</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">PRC</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">100%</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Provision of education services</td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;text-align:left;"> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Beijing Feibian Education Technology Co., Ltd.</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">August 6, 2020</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">PRC</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">100%</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Provision of education services</td> </tr> <tr style="background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;text-align:left;"> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;text-align:left;"> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Variable interest entity ("VIE"):</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;text-align:left;"> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Beijing Lingding Management Consulting Co., Ltd. ("Beijing Lingding")</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">November 2, 2021</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">PRC</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">N/A*</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Provision of technical consultation and services</td> </tr> <tr style="background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;text-align:left;"> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;text-align:left;"> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">VIE’s subsidiaries:</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;text-align:left;"> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Hubei Fangtang Technology Co., Ltd.(3)</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">September 28, 2020</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">PRC</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">N/A*</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Provision of education services</td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;text-align:left;"> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Xiangyang Shufan Education Technology Co., Ltd.(4)</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">February 24, 2022</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">PRC</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">N/A*</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Provision of education services</td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;text-align:left;"> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Hubei Houduan Yuanli Technology Co., Ltd.</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">August 4, 2023</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">PRC</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">N/A*</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Provision of education services</td> </tr> </table> * These entities are consolidated by the Company pursuant to the contractual agreements disclosed below. <div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.537%;display:flex;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;">(1)<div style="display:inline;">The English names are for identification purpose only.</div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.537%;display:flex;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;">(2)<div style="display:inline;">Hubei Zhidao Online Education Technology Co., Ltd. was formerly known as Wuhan Zhidao Online Education Technology Co., Ltd.</div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.537%;display:flex;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;">(3)<div style="display:inline;">Hubei Fangtang Technology Co., Ltd. was formerly known as Wuhan Fangtang Technology Co., Ltd.</div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.537%;display:flex;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;">(4)<div style="display:inline;">Xiangyang Shufan Education Technology Co., Ltd. was formerly known as Shufan Education Technology (Wuhan) Co., Ltd.</div></div></div>

As of December 31, 2025, details of the Company’s significant subsidiaries and VIE’s subsidiary were as follows: <table style="margin-left:auto;border-spacing:0;table-layout:auto;width:93.0%;border-collapse:separate;"> <tr style="visibility:collapse;"> <td style="width:23.98%;box-sizing:content-box;"></td> <td style="width:1%;box-sizing:content-box;"></td> <td style="width:15.84%;box-sizing:content-box;"></td> <td style="width:1%;box-sizing:content-box;"></td> <td style="width:12.58%;box-sizing:content-box;"></td> <td style="width:1%;box-sizing:content-box;"></td> <td style="width:12.02%;box-sizing:content-box;"></td> <td style="width:1%;box-sizing:content-box;"></td> <td style="width:31.58%;box-sizing:content-box;"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;text-align:left;"> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-right:0.01in;">Name (1)</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-right:0.01in;">Date of establishment/ acquisition</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-right:0.01in;">Place of establishment</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-right:0.01in;">Percentage of direct or indirect economic ownership</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-right:0.01in;">Principal activities</td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;text-align:left;"> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Subsidiaries:</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;text-align:left;"> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Sunlands Online Education HK Limited ("Sunlands HK")</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">October 6, 2015</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">HongKong</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">100%</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Investment holding</td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;text-align:left;"> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Wuhan Studyvip Online Education Co., Limited ("Wuhan Zhibo")</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">August 2, 2017</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">PRC</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">100%</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Provision of technical consultation and services</td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;text-align:left;"> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Hubei Zhidao Online Education Technology Co., Ltd. (2)</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">June 25, 2019</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">PRC</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">100%</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Provision of education services</td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;text-align:left;"> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Beijing Yuanchilaxiang Education Technology Co., Ltd. ("Beijing Sunlands")</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">September 27, 2013</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">PRC</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">100%</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Provision of education services</td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;text-align:left;"> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Beijing Feibian Education Technology Co., Ltd.</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">August 6, 2020</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">PRC</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">100%</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Provision of education services</td> </tr> <tr style="background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;text-align:left;"> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;text-align:left;"> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Variable interest entity ("VIE"):</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;text-align:left;"> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Beijing Lingding Management Consulting Co., Ltd. ("Beijing Lingding")</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">November 2, 2021</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">PRC</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">N/A*</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Provision of technical consultation and services</td> </tr> <tr style="background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;text-align:left;"> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;text-align:left;"> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">VIE’s subsidiaries:</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;text-align:left;"> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Hubei Fangtang Technology Co., Ltd.(3)</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">September 28, 2020</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">PRC</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">N/A*</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Provision of education services</td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;text-align:left;"> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Xiangyang Shufan Education Technology Co., Ltd.(4)</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">February 24, 2022</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">PRC</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">N/A*</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Provision of education services</td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;text-align:left;"> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Hubei Houduan Yuanli Technology Co., Ltd.</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">August 4, 2023</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">PRC</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">N/A*</td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;"> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.01in;">Provision of education services</td> </tr> </table> * These entities are consolidated by the Company pursuant to the contractual agreements disclosed below. <div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.537%;display:flex;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;">(1)<div style="display:inline;">The English names are for identification purpose only.</div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.537%;display:flex;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;">(2)<div style="display:inline;">Hubei Zhidao Online Education Technology Co., Ltd. was formerly known as Wuhan Zhidao Online Education Technology Co., Ltd.</div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.537%;display:flex;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;">(3)<div style="display:inline;">Hubei Fangtang Technology Co., Ltd. was formerly known as Wuhan Fangtang Technology Co., Ltd.</div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.537%;display:flex;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;">(4)<div style="display:inline;">Xiangyang Shufan Education Technology Co., Ltd. was formerly known as Shufan Education Technology (Wuhan) Co., Ltd.</div></div> 2015-10-06

Investment holding

2017-08-02

Provision of technical consultation and services

2019-06-25